PEAT 


3 


ect 
Pare y 
u LLY 


yy t 
ne 
i 


yee 
ait SuY 4 
Mi 

Bi fs 


eee 


he 
+ t ‘ rs 
alee 
map 
iy 


ae 


oh 
AU eae 
Sed 


42 
Ay 


PL te ? 
‘\ Weer TSS) sit 
NET eee chee, Bee 
a i ia “9 
AE 
a 
eae Ay 

ey 


‘y 
4 

Y Was 

ite 


eee ee 
ean 
GP A 


i 





Franklin Institute Library 


PHILADELPHIA 


Class. LE, - Book e a sa 
3 BROS 


} ENN ap 


Accession 6.5. 38 3 4 
REFERENCE 


GIVEN BY 


ait ayvel 
ie ae 
Che, erate 














rh 
c: ‘ 
te 
t 
, 
o 
. 
‘ 
‘ 
4 
s 
i 
$ ‘ 
j Ps 
t 
2 
) 
Z 
S 
“ 
A 
* 1 
- 
’ 
\ 
4 
y 
a7 
. 
* 
' 
’ 











*QYONOW &T,, SHIOM 





'SNOAT ‘SHLNVUOTOO SHAHILVW AG ASIVNNOAT ANNLOVANNVN 





‘BOTY 1B SYIOM 











"W ‘0 jaoyyuesy IBIU INYUIBW 1e SyIOM 








COTTON YARN PRINTING 





CASSELLA COLOR COMPANY 


No. 3228. 


182 anp 184 FRONT STREET 


NEW YORK 


BOSTON: 39 OLIVER STREET 

PHILADELPHIA: 126 AND 128 SOUTH FRONT STREET 
PROVIDENCE: 64 EXCHANGE PLACE 

ATLANTA: 47 NoRTH PRYOR STREET 


MONTREAL: CANADA, 59 WILLIAM STREET. 


',9939 993 


UdDGOO4 









____ On account of the liability of Nitrazol C, pat., to spontaneous 
_ combustion, we do not carry this article in stock. Wherever the 

us e of same is mentioned in this hand-book, we recommend, in- 

_ Stead, the use of diazotized Paranitraniline, for the coupling of 

our colors, The final result is exactly the same. 


fe a CASSELLA COLOR COMPANY. 





COTTON YARN PRINTING. 


Cotton yarn is printed either 


A) in hank form or 


B) in form of warps or single threads. 


A. PRINTING OF COTTON HANKS. 


. Bleached yarn is usually used, the printing being done only in particular 
cases on yarn which is simply boiled. 


The boiling and bleaching is carried out in the customary manner. 


Printing: Special machines are used for yarn printing the rollers 
of which produce the desired patterns. For printing the paste on the yarn 
the rollers have elevations, which are arranged either horizontally or verti- 
cally to the axle of the roller. The first-mentioned kind (Fig. la and b) is 
used for the production of fine designs showing only one colour, the latter 
(Fig. 2a and b, see next page) for coarser patterns in various colours. 


Thickenings: For yarn printing with Basic Colours, Diamine Colours, 
and Chrome Colours, tragacanth solution is as a rule used as a thickener, 
because printed yarns are frequently not washed after steaming and traga- 
canth hardens the fibre the least; deeper shades are obtained by adding a 
little wheat starch. Gum Senegal is sometimes used in connection with 
Basic and Diamine Colours for light shades. For Immedial Colours, British 
gum particularly has proved a very suitable agent, with the possible addition 
of a little starch. 











1 
= 
| 





Fig. 1. Yarn-Printing Machine for One-Colour Printing (Pearl Printing). 


Bishan} a 


‘SJULIG P2eINO[OD-I}NW pPuUe SIUTIG ANOJOHD-2eug s8SIvOD JOJ VUTYIBIY Suyutrg-wieK “Z “3Iy 











ANE | 
| 























DIRECT PRINTING. 


A. DIRECT PRINTING WITH BASIC COLOURS. 


For this purpose, the following dyestuffs are used principally: 


For Yellow and Orange: 


-Thioflavine T, TCN 
Paraphosphine GG, G, R 





Diamond Phosphine GG, PG, R, D 


Tannin Orange R, GG. 


For Red: 








Trisamine G, G extra 

Safranine, all brands 

Magenta Ia. Dia. large and small 
crystals 

Magenta, all brands 

Cerise Ia 

Geranium GN 

Russian Red B, G. 


For Blue: 








New Methylene Blue N, NSS, GB, 
NX, RK, 3R, GG 

Methylene Blue BB, DBB 

New Blue, all brands 

Acetinduline R Paste, 3146J 

Indazine, all brands 

Naphtindone BB. 


For Grey: 


Methylindone B, R 
Metaphenylene Blue, all brands. 


For Violet: 


Tannin Heliotrope 
Crystal Violet 10B 
Methyl Violet, all brands. 


For Green and Olive: 


Solid Green, all brands 

Malachite Green conc. 

Brilliant Green, all brands; 
further, combinations of 

New Methylene Blue N and 

Thioflavine T 

or 
New Methylene Blue N, GG and 
Diamond Phosphine GG, R, D. 


For Brown: 








Bismarck Brown, all brands 
Chrysoidine, all brands; 
further, combinations of 

Thioflavine T with Safranine 

and New Methylene Blue N 
or 
Diamond Phosphine GG, R, D with 
Safranine and New Blue. 


For Black: 


Printing Black X 
Jute Black GN, 8174, 09624. 








Directions for Printing: 


I, General 





I) 15-20" 30 

80 120-150) 2180) 363 

= DOS 20) 20" ar, 
340 col 2607 220°, 

20 a ge CON ZO ee 
500 400 400 360 _,, 

25 Dine Oe: OO oir, 

25 SO el TV ites: 

1000 parts. 


Directions: 


40 parts dyestuff are dissolved warm in 


acetic acid of 8° Tw., 

acetine and 

water, and mixed thoroughly with 
wheat starch and 


tragacanth solution (65:1000), the whole 


being then boiled. After stirring 
until cold, 
tannie acid dissolved in 


acetic acid of 8° Tw. are added. 


Recipe Il 


Il’ Direetions for A@etinduliine: 


100 parts dyestuff (paste) are mixed well with 


200 


50 


1000 parts. 


Recipe Ill 


acetic acid of 8° Tw., 

wheat starch and 

tragacanth solution (65:1000) 
and boiled; when cold, 

tannie acid dissolved in 

acetic acid of 8° Tw. are added. 





Ill. Directions for Naphtindone BB: 


30 parts dyestuff are dissolved warm in 


70 


27 


glycerine, 

acetic acid of 8° Tw. and 

water; the whole is mixed well with 

wheat starch and 

tragacanth solution (65:1000), and 
boiled. After stirring until cold, 

tannic acid dissolved in 

acetic acid of 8° Tw. and 

chlorate of soda dissolved in 

water are added. 





1000 parts. 


Steaming and Aftertreatment: 


After printing and drying, the yarn is 


steamed for % to % hour in a steamer at slight pressure. In order to com- 
pletely fix the colour, the yarn is usually treated, after the steaming, for 


from 10 to 20 minutes in a bath of 40 to 50° C. 


(105—120° F.) containing 


4—8 oz tartar emetic per 10 gallons of liquor or a corresponding quantity of 
some other antimony salt; in order to neutralise the acid which is being 
liberated, 4—8 oz chalk or a little soda may be added. The yarn is finally 
washed, soaped if necessary at 40° C. (105° F.), rinsed, and. dried. 


Very frequently, yarns printed with Basic Colours are woven up without 


first being washed. 


In such case, the yarns before printing are prepared 


with stannate of soda, the preparation consisting in a treatment for some 
time with a solution of stannate of soda of 49 Tw., the goods being then wrung 
off, left lying for an hour, hereafter soured off with sulphuric acid 1° Tw., 
and finally rinsed very thoroughly. The yarns prepared in this manner are 
then printed with the above-mentioned print colours containing tannic acid, 
dried, and steamed for about % to % hour, after which they may be woven up 


without further rinsing. 


B. DIRECT PRINTING WITH IMMEDIAL COLOURS. 
The Immedial Colours are very well adapted for the production of prints 
on cotton yarn of good fastness to washing and light. The “Immedial Colours 
for Printing” come in the first place into consideration. 


For Blue and Violet: 





Immedial Indone B Double for Printing 
Immedial Indone R Double for Printing 
Immedial Direct Blue B Double for Printing 
Immedial Indone Violet B Double for Printing. 


For Green and Olive: 





Immedial Green GG Double for Printing 
Immedial Deep Green G Double for Printing 
Immedial Olive 3G Double for Printing. 

For Yellow and Orange: 


Immedial Yellow GG Double for Printing 
Immedial Orange C Double for Printing. 





For Brown: 








Immedial Bordeaux GF Double for Printing 
Immedial Maroon B Double for Printing 

'Immedial Brown BR Double for Printing 
Immedial Cutch O Double for Printing. 


For Grey and Black: 





Immedial Carbon B for Printing. 
For Red Prints: 
Immedial Purple C also is suited. 


WoPrrinting Directions for Recipe IV 
Winders Colour sa. fon Printing”. 

10 40 60 parts dyestuff are mixed with 

Tea Oe erly cerine, 

20 40 60 = ,, glucose and 

20, “SOV 400 eaustics soda. lye of 75° Tw.,- the 
whole being then heated for abt. 
ty hour with 

20 40 40 #4, Hyraldite C extra 
1:1 (dissolved in water) and 

220 140 70 ,, water to a temperature of 60° C. 
(140° F.). After dissolving, the 
whole is well mixed with 

200 200 200 ,, British gum thickening (300:1000) 
and 

500 500 500 = «4, Alkaline Thickening. 


1000 parts. 





Alkaline Thickening: 
150—200 parts British gum are boiled up with 
500 ,, water and ; 
300 ,, caustic soda lye of 75° Tw., and stirred 
until cold. 





1000 parts. 


After printing, the yarns are dried and steamed with hot steam (about 
102° C. or 216° F.) as free from air as possible. 


| 
| 


Steaming is best carried out in a steam-jacketed iron boiler of moderate 
size. When the yarn has been put in, the boiler previous to admitting the 
direct steam is heated by means of the casing, and, in order to quickly remove 
the air contained in the boiler, steam is blown in rapidly for some minutes 
while leaving the steam exit valve open. This valve is then nearly closed and 
the steaming continued for about % hour at slight pressure. 


After printing, the yarns are passed through a bath slightly acidulated 
with hydrochloric acid (4° Tw.), to which 3—41% oz bichromate of potash 
per 10 gallons (especially in the case of black prints) may be added; the 
yarns are then rinsed thoroughly, soaped hot (4—8 oz olive soap per 10 
gallons), rinsed and dried. 


C. DIRECT-PRINTING WITH CHROME COLOURS. 
Chrome Colours: 


Chrome Blue F for Printing 
Chrome Violet M for Printing 
Chrome Fast Blue FR for Printing 
Anthracene Yellow BN, RN, GG. 


Recipe V Directions £0T FP premises 
V. For Anthracene Yellow BN, RN, GG. 


20—40 parts Anthracene Yellow are dissolved in 





400 ,, water and boiled with 
30 ~=~4 #\Wheat starch and 
450 ,, tragacanth solution (65:1000); when 
quite cold, 
40— 80  ,, acetate of chrome of 32° Tw. are added. 
1000 parts. 
Recipe VI VI. For Chrome Blue ¥ for Printing, Chrome 


Fast Blue FR for Printing and arouse 
Violet M for 2 rime nie. 
50—150 parts dyestuff are mixed well with 
380—220 °,, Warm water and 


500—500 ,, +tragacanth solution (65:1000); when 
quite cold, 
20— 30. ,, “formic acid 90% and 
50—100  ,, acetate of chrome of 32° Tw. are added. 
1000 parts. 


Tragacanth Solution 65:1000. 


65 parts tragacanth are soaked well in 

435  ,, water and left standing for 48 hours; 
then 

500 ,, water are added, the whole being boiled 
until a smooth solution results. 


1000 parts. 


After printing and drying, steam for % to 1 hour in the case of the 
dyestuffs indicated under No VI (Chrome Blue etc.), then chrome feebly, wash, 
soap, rinse, and dry. Anthracene Yellow is steamed for about one hour, then 
washed if necessary, and dried. 


_— es 
4 +e 

~ 
; 


D. DIRECT PRINTING WITH PARANITRANILINE RED 
(PARA RED OR ICE RED). 

_ Paranitraniline Red is produced on the fibre by means of direct printing, 
the yarn being mordanted with Naphtol solution and printed when dry with 
the diazo solution of Paranitraniline or with Nitrazol C. 

Paranitraniline comes in slightly cheaper, while Nitrazol C, the ready 
diazo combination, is the simpler and more convenient of the two in its 
application. 


Mordanting with Naphtol Solution. 


The boiled yarn, bleached if necessary, must be perfectly dry for 
mordanting. . 
The yarn is mordanted either in a trough as shown in the sketch below, 
or in a tramping machine of the kind frequently used for Alizarine Red, with 
Beta Naphtol, or with Naphtol RC for more bluish shades. 











Composition of the Mordanting Liquor. 
For 100 Ibs cotton yarn: 
1000 grms. (2 lbs 3% oz) Beta Naphtol or Beta Naphtol RC are mixed 
with 
I. + 1000 grms. (2 lbs 3% oz) caustic soda lye of 75° Tw., then 
10 Jitres (21% gallons) boiling water are added, and the whole is 
stirred until dissolved. 


In another vessel, 


2500 germs. (5% lbs) castor-oil soap are dissolved in 
10 litres (2% gallons) boiling water. 


Solutions I and II are then mixed together and diluted to 65 litres 
(13% gallons). 

An equal quantity of Turkey-red oil may be used in the place of castor- 
oil soap; with the latter, however, somewhat more bluish and brighter shades 
are obtained. 

In order to increase the stability of the preparation on the fibre, a little 
antimony paste (15—20 grms. per litre or 2%—3 oz per gallon), potassium 
sulphite or glucose may be added. 

Fill the trough with 15 litres (3% gallons) of this mordanting liquor, 
which should be lukewarm (about 40° C. or 105° F.) pass 2 lbs of the yarn 
through the same, add 900 cc. (19/,, pints) more of the mordanting liquor, 
pass another 2 lbs of yarn through, and so on until the whole lot of 100 lbs 
has been passed. Then pass the yarn in lots of 2 lbs at a time once more 
through the same liquor, wring off, wrap it up in light cotton cloth (calico), 
and hydroextract well for 15 or 20 minutes. 


Recipe VII 


Recipe Vila 


Recipe VIIb 


The yarn is then hung up rather loosely over square sticks (not more 


than 1 lb for each stick) and well dried for some hours in the drying chamber. 


This is best done overnight. 

The prepared yarn must be dried separately in order to prevent it from 
(for from acetic acid), 
whereby the colour might become spotted or streaky. 

Both the hydroextracted and the dried yarn should be well protected 
from water drops. 


coming into contact with acid vapours instance, 


The prepared and well dried yarn should be printed with the diazo 
solution with the least possible delay. 


Printing with Paranitranaline,@ 


21 parts Paranitraniline C are dissolved in 


100 ,, boiling hot water with the addition of 

42 ,, hydrochloric acid of 36° Tw.; this solu- 
tion is cooled off quickly to 10° C. 
(50° F.) by the addition of 

207 ~+«,, cold water and ice, and then 

115. ,, nitrite of soda solution 1:10 are added 
in one lot whilst stirring. This solu- 
tion is left standing for 5 or 10 
minutes, until clear, when it is 
filtered through cloth and stirred into 

440 ,, tragacanth solution (65:1000). 


Immediately before use, 


(approx.) 25 ,, acetate of soda dissolved in 
50 , water are added cold. 





1000 parts. 

By means of methyl orange paper it is easy to ascertain whether the 

amount of acetate of soda added is sufficient; acetate of soda should be added 
until the paper ceases to turn red. 

Printing with Nitrezoiow 
This method is applicable in those cases particularly in which the 
diazotising causes difficulties, and it besides renders the use of ice unnecessary. 
90 parts Nitrazol C are dissolved well 
by stirring with 


295 ,, cold water and allowing to stand for 
about 1% hour. The solution is then 
filtered through cloth and imme- 
diately before use added to 

500 tragacanth solution (65:1000), in which 

30 ,, acetate of soda have previously been 


dissolved; finally 
35 4, caustic soda lye of 320 Tw. diluted with 
50, water are added. 
1000 parts. 

This print paste must not redden methyl orange paper, but if this be 
the case, a little more caustic soda lye should be added with care. 

The yarn printed with diazotised Paranitraniline or Nitrazol C is dried 
well and then washed thoroughly, a little hydrochloric acid being to advantage 
added to the first wash water in order to prevent the white from becoming 
stained. The yarn is then soaped at about 50° C. (120° F.), rinsed again 
thoroughly, and dried. If necessary, the yarn may be chemicked in order to 
clear the white, the red thereby becoming still brighter. 


(approx.) 


+ 


* a4? 
4 
; . 


E. DIRECT PRINTING WITH DIAMINE COLOURS. 


Diamine Colours are used principally for light shades, the following 


being those best adapted for direct printing: 


For Yellow and Orange: For Blue: 


Thioflavine S 

Diamine Yellow CP, N 
Diamine Fast Yellow FF, A, B 
Diamine Fast Orange EG, ER 
Diamine Orange F, G, D, B 
Oxy Diamine Orange G, R, RN. 








Diamine 
Diamine 
Diamine 


Diamine 
Diamine 


For Pink and Red: Diamine 


Diamine Rose B extra, BD, FFB 

Diamine Fast Scearlet GFF, 4BFF, 
4BFS, 5BFF, 7BFF 

Diamine Brilliant Scarlet S$ 

Diamine Fast Red F 

Diamine Bordeaux 8, B 

Diamine Brilliant Bordeaux R 

Diamine Violet Red 

Diamine Brilliant Rubine S. 


Diamine 
Diamine 


For Green: 





Diamine 
Diamine 


Diamine 
For Violet: 
Diamine Brilliant Violet B, RR 
Diamine Fast Violet FFBN, FFRN 
Diamine Violet N 
Diamine Heliotrope B, G, O. 








Diamine 
Diamine 


For Brown: 


Sky Blue FF 
Blue BB, 3B, RW, 3R 
Fast Blue FFB 


Diamineral Blue CV,.CVB, B, R 


Steel Blue L 
Bengal Blue G, R 
Deep Blue B, R 
Dark Blue B 
Black BH. 


Green B, G, CL, FG 
Dark Green N. 


Brown B, 3G, 5G; M; MR, 
ist pie 

Catechine B, BZ, G, 3G 

Fast Brown G, R, GB 


Oxy Diamine Brown RN, 3GN 
Cotton Brown A, N 


Diamineral Brown G 


For Grey and Black: 
Diamine Fast Grey BN 
Diamine Jet Black Cr, RB, SS, OO 
Diamine Fast Black F, X 
Diaminogene B, extra. 


Diamine 





VITRE rimist nes Rec i pe : 


Bronze G. 


Recipe VII 


2—15 parts dyestuff are dissolved in 


580 ,, 
ee 

100, 

300 





1000 parts. 


water with the addition of 
phosphate of soda and 
glycerine, and mixed with 
tragacanth solution (65:1000). 


Dissolving the Dyestuffs: The print pastes are best prepared with con- 
densed water; when using calcareous water for dissolving, it is an advantage 
to add some citrate of ammonia (10—12 oz of 99 Tw. per 10 gallons). When 
dissolving Diamine Brown M, B, 3G or Diamine Yellow N, it is well to add 


a little soap. 


‘After printing, the yarn is steamed 


for % 


to 1 hour’ without 


pressure. Diamine Colour prints should be steamed in a very damp condition, 


by which means the colours are fixed best; the yarn is therefore before the 


steaming hung in a cool place in order to absorb moisture. Any rinsing after 


the steaming is in most cases unnecessaty. > 


3 


CeVece 


5) , 929% 9D 5 DI 
er | 


1D. Dies 33 


ing is BY ae saved. 
oo aN, 
a shy me el : 


re 


¢ 
¥ 


way shade in shade effects- of very sae fastness to” washing, 
instance, may be obtained. 





DISCHARGE PRINTING. 


A. DISCHARGE PRINTING ON DIAMINE COLOURS. 


Light and medium shades for discharging are dyed direct; dark shades, 
however, are as a rule produced by diazotising and developing, or by coupling, 
because these owing to their good fastness to water and washing do not bleed 
in the discharging and washing, thus yielding clean discharge effects. The 
Diamine Colours suited for the various shades for discharge printing will be 
found in the tables on pages 45—53 of our “Manual of Dyeing”, Vol. IV. 


Directions for dyeing, diazotising, developing, and coupling are indicated 
en pages 7—15 and 37—38 of Volume I of the “Manual of Dyeing”. 


The dyeings to be discharged are to advantage rinsed thoroughly, or 
soaped lightly after the developing or coupling, as the discharge effects will 
in such case be clearer. 


Hyraldite of all the discharging agents exercises. the most powerful 
effect, and is applied the most generally. As compared with the older tin 
crystals discharges, Hyraldite offers the important advantage of yielding much 
better discharge effects, the fibre moreover not being tendered in the very least 
even by prolonged steaming. Zinc dust discharges, likewise used formerly in 
some cases, have been supplanted practically everywhere by Hyraldite which 
is simpler in its application. 


The following brands of Hyraldite are sold for discharging purposes: 


Hyraldite C extra 
Hyraldite CW extra 
Hyraldite A and W 
Hyraldite Special. 


Hyraldite A and W are half the strength of Hyraldite C and CW extra. 
Hyraldite Special is used chiefly for discharging Naphtylamine Claret. 


For white discharges, all these brands are suited, but for coloured 
discharges Hyraldite C extra, A and Hyraldite Special are to be given the 
preference. Hyraldite CW extra or W are preferred for white discharges on 
deep shades owing to their action being more powerful than that of the other 
brands. 


ix HyraldvteoWhite Discharg e. 


100—300 parts Hyraldite CW extra or C extra are 

heated with 

200 ,, water and 

500 ,, British gum thickening (300:1000) or 
some other neutral thickening for 
y% to % hour to about 60—70° C. 
(140 to 160° F.), and stirred well, 
and when dissolved, the paste is 
stirred until cold. 


1000 parts. 





Of the single strength brands Hyraldite A and W, 200 to 500 parts in 
1000 parts print paste are required. 


Besides British gum, either ordinary gum, tragacanth, or starch-traga- 
canth thickening may be used as thickeners. . 


Se BT a 


Recipe IX 


The yarns printed with the discharge are well dried and then steamed 
for about 5 or 10 minutes. For the steaming, any kind of steam-box may be 
used, provided that dry hot steam fairly free from air is available. If 
not already provided with a mantle for heating, it is well to insert a few 
gilled pipes in order to warm the steam-box before the direct steam enters. 
If the steaming apparatus is situated some distance from the boiler house, 
it is well to insert a water-trap into the steam-pipe a short distance from 
the point at which the steam passes into the steam-box. 


After steaming, the yarns are washed, soaped slighty in the case of 
aftertreated dyeings, rinsed, and dried. 


A little alum (4—8 oz per 10 gallons) is frequently added to the first 
rinsing bath in the case of discharged direct shades. 


Hyraldite Coloured Discharges. 
For coloured discharges, the same directions as indicated for piece-goods 
on pages 56—59 of our “Manual of Dyeing”, Vol. IV, may be applied, but the 
print pastes should be slightly less thickened for yarn printing. 


B. DISCHARGE PRINTING ON PARANITRANILINE RED. 


Regarding the dyeing of Paranitraniline Red see page 39 of Volume I 
of our “Manual of Dyeing”. 


The yarn dyed as there indicated is best rinsed very thoroughly, and 
soaped hot, the red becoming much brighter and a purer white. discharge 
effect resulting. 


The discharging is carried out in the same way as indicated for discharg- 
ing Diamine Colours, the quantities required for Paranitraniline Red being 
250—300 parts Hyraldite C extra or CW extra per 1000 parts print paste. 


After printing on the discharge, the yarn is steamed as described for 
the Diamine Colours, and washed. 


B. COTTON WARP AND THREAD PRINTING. 


For printing cotton warps and cotton yarn in the shape of threads with 
one-colour stripe patterns, Warp-Printing Machines are used built in various 
designs. The following sketch shows a machine built by Gebr. Donath Nachf., 
Chemnitz. 


























@e@ ulus 








































































































Fig. 3. Warp-Printing Machine. 


In this machine the two printing rollers are adjusted one above the 
other, and the design is produced by grooves running parallel with the axles 
of the rollers as illustrated in the hank-printing machine on page 1, Fig. 1. 


The warp to be printed is passed from above over guiding rollers into 
the machine and runs in a stretched state between two printing rollers pressing 
against each other. 

Similar machines provided with two pairs of printing rollers are used 
for producing two-coloured effects. 

If designs other than narrow horizontal stripes are to be printed, or 
multi-coloured designs are to be produced, the warps are printed either by 
means of hand blocks with suitable patterns, or on the roller-printing machine 
as used for piece-goods. 

In order to prevent the printed design from being distorted during the 
steaming, washing etc., some weft threads at intervals of about 4% yard are 
loosely interwoven, which are removed later on before the weaving. 





For printing cotton yarn in the shape of threads, the machine illustrated 
on page 1 may likewise be used; the sketch below shows this machine in 
use for that purpose. 





iT 
iC 





Fig. 4. Hank-Printing Machine used as a Thread-Printing Machine. 


For direct printing or discharge printing on cotton warps, the dyestuffs 
are applied according to the same directions as stated on pages 1 to 11 for 
printing yarn in the hank. 


The steaming of the printed and dried warps is carried out either full 
width, by rolling them up, if necessary, between blankets, and steaming in 
the cottage steamer like piece-goods, or, like yarn in hank form, suspending 
the warps in the steamer over a stick covered with felt, or by depositing them 
in wire cages. 


Any washing of the warps which may be necessary in order to remove 
the thickening is carried out mostly by hand in an ordinary wooden vat, or 
by working several times over a winch. 


The warps may also be washed on the broad-washing machine; it is 
then well to pass them through the washing liquor between endless runners 
of wide mashwork, the thickening being removed by sprinkling water on and 
squeezing. 














Z, 
i) 
SS Nido it See Re oto ee 


No. 
No. tas 


— 
= 


Now 12! 
No. ‘13..- 
No. 14. 


No. 15; 
No. 16. 


20 parts 
20 parts 
20 parts 
20 parts 
20 parts 
20 parts 
20 parts 
20 parts 
20 parts 
20 parts 


20 parts 


20 parts 
15 parts 
10 parts 
20 parts 
20 parts 


To be understood per 1000 parts print paste. 


A. BASIC COLOURS. — 





Thioflavine TCN 
Thioflavine An : 
Diamond Phosphine GG 
Diamond Phosphine R- ~ 
Diamond Phosphine D 
Para Pheapiine evel: 
Para Phosphine G : i 
Tannin Orange GG 
Tannin Orange R 
Irisamine G 

Safranine S No. 150 
Tannin Heliotrope 

Solid Green Crystals 0 a. 
New Methviené Blue GG 
New Methylene Blue N 
New Methylene Blue R 









































BASIC COLOURS 
































Hearse 


a0 


Rel. 


pe ey 


ALE 


ose 


ols 


oe. 


10 


parts 
parts 
parts 
parts 
parts 
parts 
parts 


parts 
parts 


parts 
parts 
parts 
parts 


parts 
parts 


parts 
parts 


parts 
parts 


4,6 parts 
0,4 parts 


32 


parts 
parts 
parts 


parts 
parts 
parts 


To 


A. BASIC COLOURS (Continued). 


Crystal Violet 10B 
Victoria Blue B 

Methyl Violet BB 72 No. 0 
Indazine M 

Naphtindone BB 
Acetinduline R paste 
Methylindone B 


Irisamine G 
Thioflavine TCN 


Safranine GGS 
Thioflavine T 


Thioflavine T 
New Methylene Blue N 


Thioflavine T 
New Methylene Blue N 


Thioflavine T 
New Methylene Blue N 


New Methylene Blue N 
Safranine S No. 150 


Diamond Phosphine D 
New Blue B 


Diamond Phosphine GG 
Safranine S No. 150 
New Methylene Blue N 


Thioflavine T 
Safranine GGS 
New Methylene Blue N 


be understood per 1000 parts print paste. 


Printed 
according to 
Recipe 


ck 


Ill 





BASIC COLOURS 































































































No. 338. 
No. 34. 
No. 35. 


No. 36. 


No. 37. 


No. 38. 
No. .39. 
No. 40. 
No. 41. 
No. 42. 
No. 438. 
No. 44. 
No. 45. 
No. 46. 


30 
30 


25 
5 


30 
2 


6 
4 


20 
40 
40 
20 
60 
50 
40 
80 


35 
5 


20 
20 





B. IMMEDIAL COLOURS. 





Printed 
according to 
Recipe 


as 





parts Immedial Yellow GG double for printing pat. LV 
parts Immedial Orange C double for printing pat. . very 
parts Immedial Yellow GG double for printing pat. IV 


parts Immedial Green GG double for printing pat. 


parts Immedial Yellow GG double for printing pat. EN 
parts Immedial Green GG double for printing pat. 


parts Immedial Indone B double for printing pat. | Ie 
parts Immedial Green GG double for printing pat. 


parts Immedial Bordeaux G double for printing pat. Iv 
parts Immedial Cutch O double for printing pat. IV 
parts Immedial Brown BR double for printing pat. IV 
parts Immedial Indone Violet B double for printing pat. IV 
parts Immedial Indone Violet B double for printing pat. 
parts Immedial Olive 3G double for printing 

parts Immedial Deep Green G double for printing i 
parts Immedial Purple C pat. 


parts Immedial Deep Green G double for printing pat. 
parts Immedial Orange C double for printing pat. 


parts Immedial Indone B double for printing pat. 
parts Immedial Indone R double for printing pat. 


To be understood per 1000 parts print paste. 


Sea Shh Sei 













i rit printiag 
ey putt ee sty) s fOr pees 





bdisl ket .-. Fer pritt ii aan 
wdliad, foie 2 oo ae eee 


pediah ny — Ea ehable sor 
i 


> 





ete * eae Bear <i; DIU TRE 2 


ARIS 4 “2 : nye’ wie, fox og 








. Se undp 8 Be ae 


*, 
ss 
¢ , 
Md a 
4 ‘ 
i 
4 
i 








IMMEDIAL COLOURS 






























































III 








No. 


No. 


No. 


No. 


. 49, 
. 00. 
pacity 


iy 


ue. 
. 5d4. 


2D): 


ano; 
od: 


59. 


60. 


61. 


62. 


. 63. 


. 64. 





50 parts Immedial Indone_ R double for printing pat. 





50 parts Immedial Direct. Blue B double for printing an 


40 parts Immedial Green GG double for printing pat. 
10 parts Immedial Yellow. GG double for printing pat. 


28 parts Immedial Yellow GG double for printing pat. 
2 parts Immedial Brown BR double for printing 
6 parts Immedial Carbon B for printing 
9 parts Immedial Carbon B for printing 
1 part Immedial Indone B double for printing vate 
60 parts Immedial Carbon B for printing 
20 parts Immedial Deep Green G double for printing pat. 
60 parts Immedial Carbon B for printing 
Printed with 
60 parts Immedial Carbon B for printing 
dyed with 

0,7 % Diamine Fast Yellow B 

0.3% Diamine Fast Blue FFB pat. 

Printed with 

60 parts Immedial Carbon B for printing 
dyed with 

0.9% Diamine Fast Blue FFB pat. 

Printed with 

60 parts Immedial Carbon B for printing 
dy-ed with 

15% Diamine Fast Scarlet 4BFF pat. 

Printed with 

60 parts Immedial Carbon B for printing 


dyed with 
0,8% Diamine Fast Violet FFBN pat. 
Dyed warn 


Immedial Yellow D pat. 
over-printed with 
60 parts Immedial Carbon B for printing 


Dyed with 
Immedial Tragueds GCL cone. pat. 

over-printed with 

60 parts Immedial Carbon B for printing 

Dyed with 
Immedial Black NNR conc. 
over-printed with 

60 parts Immedial Carbon B for printing 

Dyed with ) 
Immedial Green GG extra pat. 
over-printed with 

60 parts Immedial Carbon B for printing 


To be understood per 1000 parts print: paste. 


Alb: ie 














ae 
Whe for pret: ow 
Peni! 5 





es] y 
4, 
ey? 
ret F 
x ete "4 
SLE 
\ : 
Led g 
+e 
ie 
i 
' 
rae 
ss og 
a 5 
ee DERE 
. . 


| i 

rire Me 
i 

A " 

? 

4 

| 

ay 





a 


ae t. 


ting 


aerts print 





~ or ok : te / 7 a i {ta 




































































Y) 
aa 
Db 
=) 
= 
° 
S 
4 
< 
= 
= 
aa 
= 
= 
4 

















> 4 


pea mene 


f en 














C, CHROME COLOURS. 





65. 40 parts ‘Antiraeeee Yellow GG ou 

66. 40 parts Anthracene Yellow BN 

67. 40 parts Anthracene ailog RN 

68. 150 parts Chrome Blue F for printing pat. 

69. 60 parts Chrome Fast Blue FR for printing pat. : 


. 70. 10 parts Chrome Violet M for printing pat. 
. 71. 50 parts Chrome Violet M for printing pat. 


D. PARANITRANILINE RED (ICE RED). 


a2. Paranitraniline Red 


_E, DIAMINE COLOURS. 


73. 2 parts Diamine Rose BD pat. 


74. 7 parts Diamine Fast Yellow FF pat. 
3 parts Diamine Sky Blue FF 

75. 8 parts Diamine Fast Violet FFBN pat. 

76. 6 parts Diamine Fast Scarlet 4BFF pat. 
2 parts Diamine Fast Red F 

77. 10 parts Diamine Catechine G pat. 

78. 8 parts Diamine Fast Grey BN 

79. 6 parts Diamine Fast Yellow FF pat. 

. 80. 5 parts Diamine Blue BB ; 


To be understood per 1000 parts print paste. 











4 


ie pace ial qa 





DIAMINE COLOURS 


CHROME COLOURS. 








PARANITRANILINE RED. 













































































No. 


Biles 
. 82. 


83. 
84. 
85. 


. 86. 


87. 
88. 


b) Diamine Colours diazotised and developed with} 


MOU: 


90. 


re) Li 


92. 


93. 


94. 
95. 
96. 


F. DISCHARGE PRINTING ON DIAMINE COLOURS AND 
PARANITRANILINE RED. 


0,25 % 
1,25% 
0,25% 
0,5 % 
0,6 % 
0,25 % 
0,25% 
0,25 % 


© 


a) Diamine Colours dyed direct. 


Diamine Rose BG pat. 


Diamine Fast Scarlet SBFE pat. 


Diamine Violet N 

Diamine Sky Blue FF 
Diamine Fast Blue FFB pat. 
Diamine Green B 

Dianne Catechine G pat. 


Diamine Grey G pat, 


Reta Natit olr Phenylene Diamine, 


2 
2 
3 


3,2 % 


Diaminosane Sky Blue N, developed with Beta Naphtol IX oF 


Diaminogene Blue NA pat. _,, 
Diaminogene Blue 3RN pat. _,, 
Diaminogene Blue 6RN pat. ,, 


Diamine Azo Scarlet B a 
Diamine Azo Bordeaux B - 
Diaminogene extra > 
Oxy Diaminogene OB pat. _ 
Diaminogene Blue NB pat. 


2? 


2? 


2 


29 


39 


be) 


9) 


9 


99 


99 


99 


2 


2) 


9 





99 


29 


2? 


99 








IX 


‘se 
a 














& 





i 
§ 
hiv 
z) 
y 
tu 
is 
* 
i xX 





‘ 
+ 
me 
Wane 
Bah 


, 





LUTE 
* 
' 
1 
i 
vy 
; 
- 
reat 
rppitee 
































fe 





Le RE 





OA MISA GOLOU! 








acy: 11 he te ee ko 
: cao 








DISCHARGE PRINTING ON DIAMINE COLOURS AND PARANITRANILINE RED 











} 
| 


t 
\ 

















hii 


~\, 




































































ie DISCHARGE PRINTING ON DIAMINE COLOURS AND 


es ae PARA ITRANILINE RED (Continued). 


mar as a i? 


acco 


Noneevie) 4,5 % Diamine Black DB, Peeetoped with Phenylene Diamine : 


- No. 98. 4,5 % OxyDiaminogeneOT pat, 3, =» © ww 


aS e c) Diamine Colours coupled with Nitrazol ©. 


a 


No. 99: 4,8 % Diamine Nitrazol Searlet A, coupled with Nitrazol 





if ae : ba No. 100. 4,8 % Diamine Nitrazol Bordeaux GB pat. ,, 
: Nowl01>, 3° of Diamine Nitrazol Orange R pat. ,, 
No. 102. 2 % Oxy Diamine Brown RN . 

No. 103. 2,4 % Diamine Nitrazol Brown GF pat. ,, 


oar No. 104. 2,5 % Diamineral Blue CVB: %; 
: Nowi05. 2,5 % Diamine Bronze G a; a 
Nowe] O65 41,5 .% Diamine Brown MR - 
No. 107. 3,5 % Diamine Brown S f 


‘ 


No. 108. 4,5 % Diamine Nitrazol Green GF pat. ,, 


No. 109. 2,4 % Diamine Nitrazol Green GF pat. ,, 
1,6 % Oxy Diamine Yellow CR s 


No. 110. 1,25% Diamine Grey G pat. sé 
No. 111. 3,5 % Diamine Nitrazol Black BB pat. ,, 


t 


d) Iee Colours (Paranitraniline Red; 


IN Gre ldo: Paranitraniline Red 


























id 
,} 


| 


WK 


SKY 






































wil yh ) 











! f ie I fl ) y x i ' 

: \\ j ( i A'S ee yt ’ 

eh Sen ‘ N I i t / u é q ' s\ ‘ 
Ss WANS al Ath Mi GRAN | 
| . | > \ 


| | 


DISCHARGE PRINTING ON DIAMINE COLOURS AND PARANITRANILINE RED 








VII 





















































~ ' ‘ 4 eat 3) 
age < ea 
a 2 - \ 
Null Ber ey ret ; ‘ 
4 
ry vita r i 
ie xy ) Se, ‘ 
~ “a Le 
oS M 
a, 
v 
” Fs 
. - ‘ 7 
. . 
~ * 3 
4 
a 
ats r. vs . bey 7 
, : 
2% A F 
ey. F 
an . ’ 
: ; 
; 4 
. 
-~ +. i@ a." 
* ; 
i i a5 
* Pe 
‘ 
y 7 
° ‘ 
oe 
' 
id iy 4 
. rts t 
val > 
‘ , id 
* A x 
. , 
s . 
‘ 
~ , ‘ * € Ll 
‘i . 
‘ : 
‘ * 
4 F : . = 
- ‘ ay \ 
9 : Without guarantee. 
¢ - 
F . 
« . ; s a ba 
s : Mf 
a . 
+ s . 
F ® 
“F ay ) 5 
x ® } 
7 . : 
’ S t 
* 5 eh si 
“ , 4 = 
¥ { ! . 
eo re e x 
\ : ~ : 
- . 
me cs ‘ + ‘@ 
‘ . 
xen é F 
en ; ; 
. + . “4 » . 
‘ < 
‘ a 
tz s . 
e 
‘ : x 
’ a 
> ; 
a 
; 4 
- ‘ = > ; 
5 f ; 
: ts 
* . 
{ 3 : ay 
,! ‘ Y i 
’ - 
en i ‘ s By i 
3 i Cae . ; 
y . 5 
j » + -* 
Ris} 
io x ‘ f 
* * , i 
q 2% 
z ‘ ; ; D 
[: > ‘ 
ae S : hi = 
vs t Pit 4 ;3 
FI € ; 
$ 5 Mert 4 ‘ , 
om Betis 4 - 3 
EY, : 
‘ : : C 
“ | 
. f } 








- 





, 


ete 


S 


Rio eae 


owes 
Ss 


st 


m2 


Ef 


totes: 


fea 
i Hi ie 


Ny it 


Teter 


CG 


a3 


sy a Sie 


ree r 
ar, “; 


Stones 


ae 


a eR 
TECHS 


uy 
Rte 


7 
nee e 
‘i ant ) 


aa 
oreo ¥e 5 


ae 


“4 Tash 


rroes 
Sa ere 2 
rt i 

wie ine rer, 


.. 


ry 


ons 
va 


i 
Gorkaeey 
ea 


op 
“y 
Gratin 
ee 
Fer3 rs 


LE 


nou 


lies 
Pete Nae 
Se ohe 


a8, 


a 


SP 


se 


ai a3h 
my 
i i eG 


a 


nt ; 
ay 


Shs 
a: 

ye ut 
uray) 


as 


ANS UN 


y 
si Ay 
SOR 


rt 


AS 


ain i 


x a 
> 


: 
ay 


W 


At 
net 


is 


Shteons 


ma 


rater ar Ting Sn 


i : 
ANE SE 
Wet 
Ae 
) i \ 
aN Vi 3 i 
AUT 
a) a 


% Soo 
Se eae ee 


ay 


Pat 


ee 


POLE AS 1 
Renee 
oo 


“ Wate 
o Sheek 


4 ‘ 7 $Y ; 
ee 
a 


Salt 
Pers 


eed 


ne 


pat 


wat 


HG oe 


iw 


; 
UES 


ae 
pets 





